Recent Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with significant potential in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. Their unique magnetic properties, nanoscale dimensions, and ability to be manipulated using external magnetic fields make them highly suitable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles capable of acting as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), carriers for targeted drug delivery, and mediators for magnetic hyperthermia therapy. In oncology, these nanoparticles enable precise localization of tumors, controlled drug release, and localized heat generation to destroy malignant cells. This article reviews recent developments in the synthesis, functionalization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles, highlighting their role in imaging, targeted therapy, and integrated theranostic systems. Additionally, the challenges associated with toxicity, biocompatibility, and clinical translation are discussed, along with future research directions that could improve their effectiveness in personalized medicine and cancer treatment